The olive is traditionally grown in areas having a Mediterranean type of climate to which it is ideally adapted. Such regions are typified by relatively cool winters where frost seldom occurs, hot dry summers and an average annual rainfall of around 800 mm. The olive will also thrive under irrigation in drier areas.
In summer rainfall regions experiencing high humidity and temperatures, pests and diseases are problematical. The olive requires sufficient winter chilling to enter rest and so initiate flower development otherwise the tree remains vegetative. Maximum day temperatures in June and July should not exceed 21°C otherwise no fruit will be borne.
On the other hand, frost can seriously damage olive trees, especially young trees, young shoots and inflorescences, resulting in serious losses. Entire trees can die when exposed to temperatures of minus 7°C. Olive trees are less sensitive to wind damage than other types of fruit.