Olives, like other fruit trees, require the macronutrient elements such as nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorous (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S). Trace elements, of which the most important are boron (B), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and molybdenum (Mo), are only required in small quantities. The correct management of nitrogen is critical to maintain the balance between growth and cropping.
Nitrogen is utilised throughout the growing season, and is to be applied monthly in spring and summer to young trees in the form of Ammonium Sulphate or “LAN”. It is recommended that nitrogen be applied regularly and in smaller doses to prevent excessive vegetative growth caused by single large applications.
Be especially careful of injudicious nitrogen applications in the summer months. Potassium (e.g. potassium sulphate) is applied in spring and autumn. Under local conditions replenishment of B and Zn are especially important in early spring.
Other elements are applied according to rates determined by means of leaf and soil analysis and adjusted according to expected crop, otherwise imbalances can occur. Maintaining soil acidity at the right pH level (in the region of 6.5) is critical for facilitating the optimal uptake of other nutrients. Soil pH is determined during soil analysis (which should preferably be done on an annual basis) and rectified accordingly by lime application.